Microbiology
Summary
Brucella is a genus of gram-negative, facultative intracellular, zoonotic bacteria typically associated with farm animals such as cows, sheep, goats, and pigs. Brucella infection, otherwise known as brucellosis, can result from direct or indirect contact with infected animals, including improper handling of unpasteurized dairy products.
The most common symptoms of the brucellosis are non-specific and include fever, chills, and anorexia. This fever can follow an undulating pattern, known as undulant fever. Because this bacteria can thrive within macrophages, it can spread throughout the reticuloendothelial system, leading to the enlargement of organs like the spleen, liver, and lymph nodes. In chronic cases, Brucella infection can lead to osteomyelitis. Finally, the treatment for brucellosis often involves antibiotics like tetracycline, particularly doxycycline, often used in combination with rifampin.
Lesson Outline
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FAQs
Brucella is a genus of gram-negative bacteria that primarily infects various animal species, but can also cause disease in humans, which is known as brucellosis. This is particularly significant for individuals who work in close contact with animals or animal products, such as slaughterhouse workers.
Brucella species infections can lead to a variety of signs/symptoms and complications. One of the most common is undulant fever, which is characterized by episodic fever, chills, sweating, fatigue, and muscle and joint pain. A potential complication is infection of the reticuloendothelial system, resulting in symptoms such as hepatomegaly and splenomegaly. In severe cases, infection can also lead to osteomyelitis, an inflammation of the bone caused by an infecting microorganism.
Slaughterhouse workers are one of the high-risk groups for Brucella infections due to their constant exposure to animal blood and products. Transmission usually occurs when the bacteria enter the body through cuts or other wounds in the skin, through inhalation of aerosols, or by consumption of contaminated food or drink.
The antibiotics most commonly used in the treatment of brucellosis are tetracyclines, specifically doxycycline, often in combination with rifampin. This combination therapy is usually recommended for a duration of at least 6 weeks to prevent relapse. The exact treatment plan may be adjusted based on the patient's age, pregnancy status, and presence of any complications.
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